tmpmail/tmpmail

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# by Siddharth Dushantha 2020
#
# Dependencies: jq, curl, w3m
#

export LC_ALL=C
export LC_CTYPE=C

VERSION=1.0.8

# By default 'tmpmail' uses 'w3m' as it's web browser to render
# the HTML of the email
BROWSER="w3m"

# If the value is set to 'true' tmpmail will convert the HTML email
# to raw text and send that to stdout
RAW_TEXT=false

# Everything related to 'tmpmail' will be stored in /tmp/tmpmail
# so that the old emails and email addresses get cleared after
# restarting the computer
TMPMAIL_DIR="/tmp/tmpmail"

# TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS is where we store the temporary email address
# that gets generated. This prevents the user from providing
# the email address everytime they run tmpmail
TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS="$TMPMAIL_DIR/email_address"

# tmpmail.html is where the email gets stored.
# Even though the file ends with a .html extension, the raw text version of
# the email will also be stored in this file so that w3m and other browsers
# are able to open this file
TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL="$TMPMAIL_DIR/tmpmail.html"

usage() {
    # Using 'cat << EOF' we can easily output a multiline text. This is much
    # better than using 'echo' for each line or using '\n' to create a new line.
    cat <<EOF
usage: tmpmail [-h] [--generate] [--browser BROWSER] [--recent] ID

optional arguments:
-h, --help           Show this help message
    --version        Print version
-g, --generate       Generate a new email address. You may aslo pass a custom username along with this flag
-r, --recent         View the most recent email
-t, --text           View the email as raw text, where all the HTML tags are removed
-b, --browser        Change the browser that is used to render the HTML of the email (default: w3m)
EOF
}

has() {
    # Check if the user 'has' a command installed
    command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
}

generate_email_address() {
    # There are 2 ways which this function is called in this script.
    #  [1] The user wants to generate a new email and runs 'tmpmail --generate'
    #  [2] The user runs 'tmpmail' to check the inbox , but /tmp/tmpmail/email_address
    #      is empty or nonexistant. Therefore a new email gets automatically
    #      generated before showing the inbox. But of course the inbox will
    #      be empty as the newly generated email address has not been
    #      sent any emails.
    #
    # When the function 'generate_email()' is called with the arguement
    # 'true', it means that the function was called because the user
    # ran 'tmpmail --generate'.
    #
    # We need this variable so we can know whether or not we need to show the user
    # what the email was. <-- More about this can be found further down in this function.
    EXTERNALLY=${1:-false}
    CUSTOM=${2:-false}

    # This variable lets generate_email_address know if the user has provided a custom
    # email address which they want to use
    CUSTOM=${2:-false}

    # Generate a random email address.
    # This function is called whenever the user wants to generate a new email
    # address by running 'tmpmail --generate' or when the user runs 'tmpmail'
    # but /tmp/tmpmail/email_address is empty or nonexistent.
    #
    # We create a random username by taking the first 10 lines from /dev/random
    # and delete all the characters which are *not* lower case letters from A to Z.
    # So charcters such as dashes, periods, underscore, and numbers are all deleted,
    # giving us a text which only contains lower case letters form A to Z. We then take
    # the first 10 characters, which will be the username of the email address
    #
    # shellcheck disable=SC2018
    USERNAME=$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc a-z | cut -c1-11)

    # This is an array of the valid TLDS which 1secmail provides.
    TLDS=(com net org)

    # Randomly pick one of the TLDS mentiond above.
    TLD=${TLDS[$RANDOM % ${#TLDS[@]}]}

    EMAIL_ADDRESS="$USERNAME@1secmail.$TLD"

    # If the user provided a custom email address then use that email address
    if [ "$CUSTOM" != false ]; then
        EMAIL_ADDRESS=$CUSTOM

        # Do a regex check to see if the email address provided by the user is a 
        # valid email address
        echo "$EMAIL_ADDRESS" | grep -E "[a-z]+@1secmail\.(com|net|org)" >/dev/null
        
        # Get the exit status of the command above
        STATUS=$?

        if [ "$STATUS" -ne 0 ]; then
            echo "Error: Provided email is invalid. Must match [a-z]+@1secmail.(com|net|org)"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi

    # Save the generated email address to the $TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS file
    # so that it can be whenever 'tmpmail' is run
    echo "$EMAIL_ADDRESS" >"$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS"

    # If this function was called because the user wanted to generate a new
    # email address, show them the email address
    [ "$EXTERNALLY" = true ] && cat "$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS"
}

get_email_address() {
    # This function is only called once and that is when this script
    # get executed. The output of this function gets stored in $EMAIL_ADDRESS
    #
    # If the file that contains the email address is empty,
    # that means we do not have an email address, so generate one.
    [ ! -s "$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS" ] && generate_email_address

    # Output the email address by getting the first line of $TMPMAIL_EMAIL
    head -n 1 "$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS"
}

list_emails() {
    # List all the received emails in a nicely formatted order
    #
    # Fetch the email data using 1secmail's API
    DATA=$(curl -sL "https://1secmail.com/api/v1/?action=getMessages&login=$USERNAME&domain=1secmail.$TLD")

    # Using 'jq' we get the length of the JSON data. From this we can determine whether or not
    # the email address has gotten any emails
    DATA_LENGTH=$(jq length <<<"$DATA")

    # We are showing what email address is currently being used
    # in case the user has forgotten what the email address was.
    echo -e "[ Inbox for $EMAIL_ADDRESS ]\n"

    # If the length of the data we got is 0, that means the email address
    # has not received any emails yet.
    [ "$DATA_LENGTH" -eq 0 ] && echo "No new mail" && exit

    # This is where we store all of our emails, which is then
    # displayed using 'column'
    INBOX=()

    # This for loop goes through each mail that have been received.
    #
    # Since we need to go through all the data, we need to tell our for loop
    # to loop from 1 to X, where X is legnth of the $DATA which contains all
    # the emails.
    #
    # Normally to loop from 1 to 5, we would use shell expansion and write:
    #   for index in {1..5}; do
    #       do_something
    #   done
    #
    # But we a minor issue. We dont know what the final number is, and we are not allowed
    # use to variables in shell expansions like this:
    #   {1..$X}
    #
    # where $X is the length of the $DATA.
    #
    # To fix this issue, we can use 'seq' which will allow us to create a sequence
    # from X to Y.
    # Example:
    #  $ seq 1 5
    #  1
    #  2
    #  3
    #  4
    #  5
    #
    # We can then put those results into the foor loop
    for index in $(seq 1 "$DATA_LENGTH"); do
        # Since arrays in JSON data start at 0, we must subtract
        # the value of $index by 1 so that we dont miss one of the
        # emails in the array
        MAIL_DATA=$(jq -r ".[$index-1]" <<<"$DATA")

        ID=$(jq -r ".id" <<<"$MAIL_DATA")
        FROM=$(jq -r ".from" <<<"$MAIL_DATA")
        SUBJECT=$(jq -r ".subject" <<<"$MAIL_DATA")

        # The '||' are used as a divideder for 'column'. 'column' will use this divider as
        # a point of reference to create the division. By default 'column' uses a blank space
        # but that would not work in our case as the email subject could have multiple white spaces
        # and 'column' would split the words that are seperated by white space, in different columns.
        INBOX+=("$ID ||$FROM ||$SUBJECT")
    done

    # Show the emails cleanly
    column -t -s "||" < <(printf '%s\n' "${INBOX[@]}")
}

view_email() {
    # View an email by providing it's ID
    #
    # The first argument provided to this function will be the ID of the email
    # that has been received
    EMAIL_ID="$1"
    DATA=$(curl -sL "https://www.1secmail.com/api/v1/?action=readMessage&login=$USERNAME&domain=1secmail.$TLD&id=$EMAIL_ID")

    # After the data is retrieved using the API, we have to check if we got any emails.
    # Luckly 1secmail's API is not complicated and returns 'Message not found' as plain text
    # if our email address as not received any emails.
    # If we the error message from the API just quit because there is nothing to do
    [[ "$DATA" == "Message not found" ]] && echo "Message not found" && exit 1

    # We pass the $DATA to 'jq' which extracts the values
    FROM=$(jq -r ".from" <<<"$DATA")
    SUBJECT=$(jq -r ".subject" <<<"$DATA")
    HTML_BODY=$(jq -r ".htmlBody" <<<"$DATA")

    # If you get an email that is in pure text, the .htmlBody field will be empty and
    # we will need to get the content from .textBody instead
    [ -z "$HTML_BODY" ] && HTML_BODY="<pre>$(jq -r ".textBody" <<<"$DATA")</pre>"

    # Create the HTML with all the information that is relevant and then
    # assigning that HTML to the variable HTML_MAIL. This is the best method
    # to create a multiline variable
    read -r -d '' HTML_MAIL <<EOF
<pre><b>To: </b>$EMAIL_ADDRESS
<b>From: </b>$FROM
<b>Subject: </b>$SUBJECT</pre>
$HTML_BODY
EOF
    # Save the $HTML_MAIL into $TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL
    echo "$HTML_MAIL" >"$TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL"

    # If the '--text' flag is used, then use 'w3m' to convert the HTML of
    # the email to pure text by removing all the HTML tags
    [ "$RAW_TEXT" = true ] && w3m -dump "$TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL" && exit

    # Open up the HTML file using $BROWSER. By default,
    # this will be 'w3m'.
    $BROWSER "$TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL"

}

view_recent_email() {
    # View the most recent email.
    #
    # This is done by listing all the received email like you
    # normally see on the terminal when running 'tmpmail'.
    # We then grab the ID of the most recent
    # email, which the first line.
    MAIL_ID=$(list_emails | head -3 | tail -1 | cut -d' ' -f 1)
    view_email "$MAIL_ID"
}

main() {
    # Iterate of the array of dependencies and check if the user has them installed
    dependencies=(jq w3m curl)
    for dependency in "${dependencies[@]}"; do
        if ! has "$dependency"; then
            echo "Error: Could not find '${dependency}', is it installed?" >&2
            exit 1
        fi
    done

    # Create the $TMPMAIL_DIR directory and dont throw any errors
    # if it already exists
    mkdir -p "$TMPMAIL_DIR"

    # Get the email address and save the value to the EMAIL_ADDRESS variable
    EMAIL_ADDRESS="$(get_email_address)"

    # ${VAR#PATTERN} Removes shortest match of pattern from start of a string.
    # In this case, it takes the EMAIL_ADDRESS and removed everything after
    # the '@' symbol which gives us the username.
    USERNAME=${EMAIL_ADDRESS%@*}

    # ${VAR%PATTERN} Remove shortest match of pattern from end of a string.
    # In this case, it takes the EMAIL_ADDRESS and removes everything until the
    # period '.' which gives us the TLD
    TLD=${EMAIL_ADDRESS#*.}

    # If no arguments are provided just the emails
    [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && list_emails && exit

    while [[ "$1" ]]; do
        case "$1" in
            --help | -h) usage && exit ;;
            --generate | -g) generate_email_address true "$2" && exit ;;
            --browser | -b) BROWSER="$2" ;;
            --text | -t) RAW_TEXT=true ;;
            --version) echo "$VERSION" && exit ;;
            --recent | -r) view_recent_email && exit ;;
            *[0-9]*)
                # If the user provides number as an argument,
                # assume its the ID of an email and try getting
                # the email that belongs to the ID
                view_email "$1" && exit
                ;;
            -*) echo "Error: option $1 does not exist" ;;
        esac
        shift
    done
}

main "$@"