tmpmail/tmpmail

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# by Siddharth Dushantha 2020
#
# Dependencies: jq, curl, w3m
#

export LC_CTYPE=C 
export LANG=C

VERSION=1.0.0

# By default 'tmpmail' uses 'w3m' as it's web browser to render
# the HTML of the email
BROWSER="w3m"

# If the value is set to 'true' tmpmail will convert the HTML email
# to raw text and send that to stdout
RAW_TEXT=false

# Everything related to 'tmpmail' will be stored in /tmp/tmpmail
# so that the old emails and email addresses get cleared after
# restarting the computer
TMPMAIL_DIR="/tmp/tmpmail/"

# TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS is where we store the temporary email address
# that gets generated. This prevents the user from providing 
# the email address everytime they run tmpmail
TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS="$TMPMAIL_DIR/email_address"
TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL="$TMPMAIL_DIR/tmpmail.html"


usage(){
    # Using 'cat << EOF' we can easily output a multiline text. This is much
    # better than using 'echo' for each line or using '\n' to create a new line.
    cat << EOF
usage: tmpmail [-h] [--generate] [--browser BROWSER] [--recent] ID

optional arguments:
-h, --help           Show this help message
    --version        Print version
-g, --generate       Generate a new email address
-r, --recent         View the most recent email
-t, --text           View the email as raw text, where all the HTML tags are removed
-b, --browser        Change the browser that is used to render the HTML of the email (default: w3m)
EOF
}


generate_email_address(){
    # There are 2 ways which this function is called in this script.
    #  [1] The user wants to generate a new email and runs 'tmpmail --generate'
    #  [2] The user runs 'tmpmail' to check the inbox , but /tmp/tmpmail/email_address
    #      is empty or nonexistant. Therefore a new email gets automatically 
    #      generated before showing the inbox. But of course the inbox will 
    #      be empty as the newly generated email address has not been 
    #      sent any emails.
    #
    # When the function 'generate_email()' is called with the arguement
    # 'true', it means that the function was called because the user
    # ran 'tmpmail --generate'.
    #
    # We need this variable so we can know whether or not we need to show the user
    # what the email was. <-- More about this can be found further down in this function.
    EXTERNALLY=${1:-false}

    # Generate a random email address.
    # This function is called whenever the user wants to generate a new email
    # address by running 'tmpmail --generate' or when the user runs 'tmpmail'
    # but /tmp/tmpmail/email_address is empty or nonexistent.
    #
    # We create a random username by taking the first 10 lines from /dev/random
    # and delete all the characters which are *not* lower case letters from A to Z.
    # So charcters such as dashes, periods, underscore, and numbers are all deleted,
    # giving us a text which only contains lower case letters form A to Z. We then take
    # the first 10 characters, which will be the username of the email address
    USERNAME=$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc a-z | cut -c1-11)
    
    # This is an array of the valid TLDS which 1secmail provides.
    TLDS=(com net org)

    # Randomly pick one of the TLDS mentiond above.
    # This is done by first echoing all the TLDS into 'tr' which then
    # replaces the white spaces with a new line. This is done because we use 
    # 'sort' to put the TLDS in a random order, but 'sort' requires the TLDS to
    # be on seperate lines. After the randomizing is done we take the first line 
    # which is one of the TLDS
    TLD=$(echo "${TLDS[@]}" | tr " " "\n" | sort -R | head -n 1)

    # Save the generated email address to the $TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS file
    # so that it can be whenever 'tmpmail' is run
    echo "$USERNAME@1secmail.$TLD" > "$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS"

    # If this function was called because the user wanted to generate a new
    # email address, show them the email address
    [ "$EXTERNALLY" = true ] && cat "$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS"
}


get_email_address(){
    # This function is only called once and that is when this script
    # get executed. The output of this function gets stored in $EMAIL_ADDRESS
    #
    # If the file that contains the email address is empty,
    # that means we do not have an email address, so generate one.
    [ ! -s "$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS" ] && generate_email_address

    # Output the email address by getting the first line of $TMPMAIL_EMAIL
    head -n 1 "$TMPMAIL_EMAIL_ADDRESS"
}


list_emails(){
    # List all the received emails in a nicely formatted order
    #
    # Fetch the email data using 1secmail's API
    DATA=$(curl -sL "https://1secmail.$TLD/api/v1/?action=getMessages&login=$USERNAME&domain=1secmail.$TLD")

    # Using 'jq' we get the length of the JSON data. From this we can determine whether or not
    # the email address has gotten any emails
    DATA_LENGTH=$(jq length <<< "$DATA")

    # We are showing what email address is currently being used
    # in case the user has forgotten what the email address was.
    echo -e "[ Inbox for $EMAIL_ADDRESS ]\n"

    # If the length of the data we got is 0, that means the email address
    # has not received any emails yet.
    [ "$DATA_LENGTH" -eq 0 ] && echo "No new mail" && exit

    # This is where we store all of our emails, which is then
    # displayed using 'column'
    INBOX=""

    # This for loop goes through each mail that have been received.
    #
    # Since we need to go through all the data, we need to tell our for loop
    # to loop from 1 to X, where X is legnth of the $DATA which contains all
    # the emails.
    # 
    # Normally to loop from 1 to 5, we would use shell expansion and write:
    #   for index in {1..5}; do 
    #       do_something
    #   done
    #
    # But we a minor issue. We dont know what the final number is, and we are not allowed
    # use to variables in shell expansions like this:
    #   {1..$X} 
    #
    # where $X is the length of the $DATA.
    #
    # To fix this issue, we can use 'seq' which will allow us to create a sequence
    # from X to Y.
    # Example:
    #  $ seq 1 5
    #  1
    #  2
    #  3
    #  4
    #  5
    #
    # We can then put those results into the foor loop
    for index in $(seq 1 "$DATA_LENGTH"); do
	# Since arrays in JSON data start at 0, we must subtract
	# the value of $index by 1 so that we dont miss one of the
	# emails in the array
        MAIL_DATA=$(jq -r ".[$index-1]" <<< "$DATA")

        ID=$(jq -r ".id" <<< "$MAIL_DATA")
        FROM=$(jq -r ".from" <<< "$MAIL_DATA")
        SUBJECT=$(jq -r ".subject" <<< "$MAIL_DATA")

	# The '||' are used as a divideder for 'column'. 'column' will use this divider as
	# a point of reference to create the division. By default 'column' uses a blank space
	# but that would not work in our case as the email subject could have multiple white spaces
	# and 'column' would split the words that are seperated by white space, in different columns.
	#
	# Yes, there a double quote all by it self on the line under this one.
	# This serves as a new line. So that the 'column' command works properly.
        # I know I could have used '\n' but 'column' does not intepret it as a new line.
        INBOX+="$ID ||$FROM ||$SUBJECT
"
    done

    # Show the emails cleanly
    column -t -s "||" <<< "$INBOX" 
}


view_email(){
    # View an email by providing it's ID
    #
    # The first argument provided to this function will be the ID of the email
    # that has been received
    EMAIL_ID="$1"
    DATA=$(curl -sL "https://www.1secmail.$TLD/api/v1/?action=readMessage&login=$USERNAME&domain=1secmail.$TLD&id=$EMAIL_ID")

    # After the data is retrieved using the API, we have to check if we got any emails.
    # Luckly 1secmail's API is not complicated and returns 'Message not found' as plain text
    # if our email address as not received any emails.
    # If we the error message from the API just quit because there is nothing to do
    [[ "$DATA" == "Message not found" ]] && echo "Message not found" && exit 1

    # We pass the $DATA to 'jq' which extracts the values
    FROM=$(jq -r ".from" <<< "$DATA")
    SUBJECT=$(jq -r ".subject" <<< "$DATA")
    HTML_BODY=$(jq -r ".htmlBody" <<< "$DATA")

    # Create the HTML with all the information that is relevant and then
    # assigning that HTML to the variable HTML_MAIL. This is the best method
    # to create a multiline variable
    read -r -d '' HTML_MAIL << EOF
<pre><b>To: </b>$EMAIL_ADDRESS
<b>From: </b>$FROM
<b>Subject: </b>$SUBJECT</pre>
$HTML_BODY
EOF
    # Save the $HTML_MAIL into $TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL
    echo "$HTML_MAIL" > "$TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL"

    # If the '--text' flag is used, then use 'w3m' to convert the HTML of
    # the email to pure text by removing all the HTML tags
    [ "$RAW_TEXT" = true ] && w3m -dump "$TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL" && exit
    
    # Open up the HTML file using $BROWSER. By default,
    # this will be 'w3m'.
    $BROWSER "$TMPMAIL_HTML_EMAIL"

}


view_recent_email(){
    # View the most recent email.
    #
    # This is done by listing all the received email like you
    # normally see on the terminal when running 'tmpmail'.
    # We then use 'awk' to grab the ID of the most recent
    # email, which the first line.
    MAIL_ID=$(list_emails | awk 'NR==3{print $1}')
    view_email "$MAIL_ID"
}


main(){
    # Iterate of the array of dependencies and check if the user has them installed
    dependencies=(jq w3m curl)
    for dependency in "${dependencies[@]}"; do
        type -p "$dependency" &>/dev/null || {
        echo "error: Could not find '${dependency}', is it installed?" >&2
        exit 1
        }
    done

    # Create the $TMPMAIL_DIR directory and dont throw any errors
    # if it already exists
    mkdir -p "$TMPMAIL_DIR"
    
    # Get the email address and save the value to the EMAIL_ADDRESS variable
    EMAIL_ADDRESS="$(get_email_address)"
    
    # ${VAR#PATTERN} Removes shortest match of pattern from start of a string.
    # In this case, it takes the EMAIL_ADDRESS and removed everything after
    # the '@' symbol which gives us the username.
    USERNAME=${EMAIL_ADDRESS%@*}

    # ${VAR%PATTERN} Remove shortest match of pattern from end of a string.
    # In this case, it takes the EMAIL_ADDRESS and removes everything until the
    # period '.' which gives us the TLD
    TLD=${EMAIL_ADDRESS#*.}

    # If no arguments are provided just the emails
    [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && list_emails && exit
    
    while [[ "$1" ]]; do
        case "$1" in
            --help|-h) usage && exit ;;
            --generate|-g) generate_email_address true && exit;;
            --browser|-b) BROWSER="$2" ;;
	    --text|-t) RAW_TEXT=true ;;
            --version) echo "$VERSION" && exit;;
            --recent|-r) view_recent_email && exit;;
	    # If the user provides number as an argument,
	    # assume its the ID of an email and try getting
	    # the email that belongs to the ID
            *[0-9]*) view_email "$1" && exit;;
	    -*) echo "error: option $1 does not exist"
        esac
        shift
    done
}


main "$@"