# This file is part of Radicale Server - Calendar Server
# Copyright © 2008 Nicolas Kandel
# Copyright © 2008 Pascal Halter
# Copyright © 2008-2016 Guillaume Ayoub
#
# This library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Radicale.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

"""
Radicale Server module.

This module offers a WSGI application class.

To use this module, you should take a look at the file ``radicale.py`` that
should have been included in this package.

"""

import base64
import contextlib
import os
import posixpath
import pprint
import shlex
import socket
import socketserver
import ssl
import subprocess
import threading
import wsgiref.simple_server
import zlib
from contextlib import contextmanager
from http import client
from urllib.parse import unquote, urlparse

import vobject

from . import auth, rights, storage, xmlutils


VERSION = "2.0.0rc0"

# Standard "not allowed" response that is returned when an authenticated user
# tries to access information they don't have rights to
NOT_ALLOWED = (client.FORBIDDEN, {}, None)


class HTTPServer(wsgiref.simple_server.WSGIServer):
    """HTTP server."""

    # These class attributes must be set before creating instance
    client_timeout = None
    max_connections = None

    def __init__(self, address, handler, bind_and_activate=True):
        """Create server."""
        ipv6 = ":" in address[0]

        if ipv6:
            self.address_family = socket.AF_INET6

        # Do not bind and activate, as we might change socket options
        super().__init__(address, handler, False)

        if ipv6:
            # Only allow IPv6 connections to the IPv6 socket
            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, 1)

        if bind_and_activate:
            self.server_bind()
            self.server_activate()

        if self.max_connections:
            self.connections_guard = threading.BoundedSemaphore(
                self.max_connections)
        else:
            # use dummy context manager
            self.connections_guard = contextlib.suppress()

    def get_request(self):
        # Set timeout for client
        _socket, address = super().get_request()
        if self.client_timeout:
            _socket.settimeout(self.client_timeout)
        return _socket, address


class HTTPSServer(HTTPServer):
    """HTTPS server."""

    # These class attributes must be set before creating instance
    certificate = None
    key = None
    protocol = None
    cyphers = None

    def __init__(self, address, handler):
        """Create server by wrapping HTTP socket in an SSL socket."""
        super().__init__(address, handler, bind_and_activate=False)

        self.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(
            self.socket, self.key, self.certificate, server_side=True,
            ssl_version=self.protocol, cyphers=self.cyphers)

        self.server_bind()
        self.server_activate()


class ThreadedHTTPServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, HTTPServer):
    def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
        with self.connections_guard:
            return super().process_request_thread(request, client_address)


class ThreadedHTTPSServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, HTTPSServer):
    def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
        with self.connections_guard:
            return super().process_request_thread(request, client_address)


class RequestHandler(wsgiref.simple_server.WSGIRequestHandler):
    """HTTP requests handler."""
    def log_message(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Disable inner logging management."""


class Application:
    """WSGI application managing collections."""
    def __init__(self, configuration, logger):
        """Initialize application."""
        super().__init__()
        self.configuration = configuration
        self.logger = logger
        self.is_authenticated = auth.load(configuration, logger)
        self.Collection = storage.load(configuration, logger)
        self.authorized = rights.load(configuration, logger)
        self.encoding = configuration.get("encoding", "request")

    def headers_log(self, environ):
        """Sanitize headers for logging."""
        request_environ = dict(environ)
        # Remove environment variables
        if not self.configuration.getboolean("logging", "full_environment"):
            for shell_variable in os.environ:
                request_environ.pop(shell_variable, None)
        # Mask credentials
        if (self.configuration.getboolean("logging", "mask_passwords") and
                request_environ.get("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION",
                                    "").startswith("Basic")):
            request_environ["HTTP_AUTHORIZATION"] = "Basic **masked**"
        return request_environ

    def decode(self, text, environ):
        """Try to magically decode ``text`` according to given ``environ``."""
        # List of charsets to try
        charsets = []

        # First append content charset given in the request
        content_type = environ.get("CONTENT_TYPE")
        if content_type and "charset=" in content_type:
            charsets.append(
                content_type.split("charset=")[1].split(";")[0].strip())
        # Then append default Radicale charset
        charsets.append(self.encoding)
        # Then append various fallbacks
        charsets.append("utf-8")
        charsets.append("iso8859-1")

        # Try to decode
        for charset in charsets:
            try:
                return text.decode(charset)
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                pass
        raise UnicodeDecodeError

    def collect_allowed_items(self, items, user):
        """Get items from request that user is allowed to access."""
        read_allowed_items = []
        write_allowed_items = []
        for item in items:
            if isinstance(item, self.Collection):
                path = item.path
            else:
                path = item.collection.path
            if self.authorized(user, path, "r"):
                self.logger.debug(
                    "%s has read access to collection %s" %
                    (user or "Anonymous", path or "/"))
                read_allowed_items.append(item)
            else:
                self.logger.debug(
                    "%s has NO read access to collection %s" %
                    (user or "Anonymous", path or "/"))
            if self.authorized(user, path, "w"):
                self.logger.debug(
                    "%s has write access to collection %s" %
                    (user or "Anonymous", path or "/"))
                write_allowed_items.append(item)
            else:
                self.logger.debug(
                    "%s has NO write access to collection %s" %
                    (user or "Anonymous", path or "/"))
        return read_allowed_items, write_allowed_items

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        """Manage a request."""
        def response(status, headers={}, answer=None):
            # Start response
            status = "%i %s" % (
                status, client.responses.get(status, "Unknown"))
            self.logger.debug("Answer status: %s" % status)
            start_response(status, list(headers.items()))
            # Return response content
            return [answer] if answer else []

        self.logger.info("%s request at %s received" % (
            environ["REQUEST_METHOD"], environ["PATH_INFO"]))
        headers = pprint.pformat(self.headers_log(environ))
        self.logger.debug("Request headers:\n%s" % headers)

        # Strip base_prefix from request URI
        base_prefix = self.configuration.get("server", "base_prefix")
        if environ["PATH_INFO"].startswith(base_prefix):
            environ["PATH_INFO"] = environ["PATH_INFO"][len(base_prefix):]
        elif self.configuration.get("server", "can_skip_base_prefix"):
            self.logger.debug(
                "Prefix already stripped from path: %s", environ["PATH_INFO"])
        else:
            # Request path not starting with base_prefix, not allowed
            self.logger.debug(
                "Path not starting with prefix: %s", environ["PATH_INFO"])
            return response(*NOT_ALLOWED)

        # Sanitize request URI
        environ["PATH_INFO"] = storage.sanitize_path(
            unquote(environ["PATH_INFO"]))
        self.logger.debug("Sanitized path: %s", environ["PATH_INFO"])

        path = environ["PATH_INFO"]

        # Get function corresponding to method
        function = getattr(self, "do_%s" % environ["REQUEST_METHOD"].upper())

        # Ask authentication backend to check rights
        authorization = environ.get("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION", None)

        if authorization and authorization.startswith("Basic"):
            authorization = authorization[len("Basic"):].strip()
            user, password = self.decode(base64.b64decode(
                authorization.encode("ascii")), environ).split(":", 1)
        else:
            user = environ.get("REMOTE_USER")
            password = None

        # If /.well-known is not available, clients query /
        if path == "/.well-known" or path.startswith("/.well-known/"):
            return response(client.NOT_FOUND, {})

        if user and not storage.is_safe_path_component(user):
            # Prevent usernames like "user/calendar.ics"
            self.logger.info("Refused unsafe username: %s", user)
            is_authenticated = False
        else:
            is_authenticated = self.is_authenticated(user, password)
        is_valid_user = is_authenticated or not user

        # Create principal collection
        if user and is_authenticated:
            principal_path = "/%s/" % user
            if self.authorized(user, principal_path, "w"):
                with self.Collection.acquire_lock("r"):
                    principal = next(
                        self.Collection.discover(principal_path), None)
                if not principal:
                    with self.Collection.acquire_lock("w"):
                        self.Collection.create_collection(principal_path)

        # Get content
        content_length = int(environ.get("CONTENT_LENGTH") or 0)
        if content_length:
            max_content_length = self.configuration.getint(
                "server", "max_content_length")
            if max_content_length and content_length > max_content_length:
                self.logger.debug(
                    "Request body too large: %d", content_length)
                return response(client.REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE)
            try:
                content = self.decode(
                    environ["wsgi.input"].read(content_length), environ)
            except socket.timeout:
                return response(client.REQUEST_TIMEOUT)
            self.logger.debug("Request content:\n%s" % content)
        else:
            content = None

        if is_valid_user:
            status, headers, answer = function(environ, path, content, user)
        else:
            status, headers, answer = NOT_ALLOWED

        if (status, headers, answer) == NOT_ALLOWED and not (
                user and is_authenticated):
            # Unknown or unauthorized user
            self.logger.info("%s refused" % (user or "Anonymous user"))
            status = client.UNAUTHORIZED
            realm = self.configuration.get("server", "realm")
            headers = {
                "WWW-Authenticate":
                "Basic realm=\"%s\"" % realm}
            answer = None

        # Set content length
        if answer:
            self.logger.debug("Response content:\n%s" % answer, environ)
            answer = answer.encode(self.encoding)
            accept_encoding = [
                encoding.strip() for encoding in
                environ.get("HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING", "").split(",")
                if encoding.strip()]

            if "gzip" in accept_encoding:
                zcomp = zlib.compressobj(wbits=16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
                answer = zcomp.compress(answer) + zcomp.flush()
                headers["Content-Encoding"] = "gzip"

            headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(answer))

        if self.configuration.has_section("headers"):
            for key in self.configuration.options("headers"):
                headers[key] = self.configuration.get("headers", key)

        return response(status, headers, answer)

    def _access(self, user, path, permission, item=None):
        """Checks if ``user`` can access ``path`` or the parent collection
           with ``permission``.

           ``permission`` must either be "r" or "w".

           If ``item`` is given, only access to that class of item is checked.

        """
        path = storage.sanitize_path(path)
        parent_path = storage.sanitize_path(
            "/%s/" % posixpath.dirname(path.strip("/")))
        allowed = False
        if not item or isinstance(item, self.Collection):
            allowed |= self.authorized(user, path, permission)
        if not item or not isinstance(item, self.Collection):
            allowed |= self.authorized(user, parent_path, permission)
        return allowed

    @contextmanager
    def _lock_collection(self, lock_mode, user):
        """Lock the collection with ``permission`` and execute hook."""
        with self.Collection.acquire_lock(lock_mode) as value:
            yield value
        hook = self.configuration.get("storage", "hook")
        if lock_mode == "w" and hook:
            self.logger.debug("Running hook")
            folder = os.path.expanduser(self.configuration.get(
                "storage", "filesystem_folder"))
            subprocess.check_call(
                hook % {"user": shlex.quote(user or "Anonymous")},
                shell=True, cwd=folder)

    def do_DELETE(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage DELETE request."""
        if not self._access(user, path, "w"):
            return NOT_ALLOWED
        with self._lock_collection("w", user):
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            if not self._access(user, path, "w", item):
                return NOT_ALLOWED
            if not item:
                return client.GONE, {}, None
            if_match = environ.get("HTTP_IF_MATCH", "*")
            if if_match not in ("*", item.etag):
                # ETag precondition not verified, do not delete item
                return client.PRECONDITION_FAILED, {}, None
            if isinstance(item, self.Collection):
                answer = xmlutils.delete(path, item)
            else:
                answer = xmlutils.delete(path, item.collection, item.href)
            return client.OK, {}, answer

    def do_GET(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage GET request."""
        # Display a "Radicale works!" message if the root URL is requested
        if not path.strip("/"):
            headers = {"Content-type": "text/html"}
            answer = "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<title>Radicale</title>Radicale works!"
            return client.OK, headers, answer
        if not self._access(user, path, "r"):
            return NOT_ALLOWED
        with self._lock_collection("r", user):
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            if not self._access(user, path, "r", item):
                return NOT_ALLOWED
            if not item:
                return client.NOT_FOUND, {}, None
            if isinstance(item, self.Collection):
                collection = item
            else:
                collection = item.collection
            content_type = storage.MIMETYPES.get(collection.get_meta("tag"),
                                                 "text/plain")
            headers = {
                "Content-Type": content_type,
                "Last-Modified": collection.last_modified,
                "ETag": item.etag}
            answer = item.serialize()
            return client.OK, headers, answer

    def do_HEAD(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage HEAD request."""
        status, headers, answer = self.do_GET(environ, path, content, user)
        return status, headers, None

    def do_MKCALENDAR(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage MKCALENDAR request."""
        if not self.authorized(user, path, "w"):
            return NOT_ALLOWED

        with self._lock_collection("w", user):
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            if item:
                return client.CONFLICT, {}, None
            props = xmlutils.props_from_request(content)
            props["tag"] = "VCALENDAR"
            # TODO: use this?
            # timezone = props.get("C:calendar-timezone")
            self.Collection.create_collection(path, props=props)
            return client.CREATED, {}, None

    def do_MKCOL(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage MKCOL request."""
        if not self.authorized(user, path, "w"):
            return NOT_ALLOWED
        with self._lock_collection("w", user):
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            if item:
                return client.CONFLICT, {}, None
            props = xmlutils.props_from_request(content)
            collection = self.Collection.create_collection(path, props=props)
            for key, value in props.items():
                collection.set_meta(key, value)
            return client.CREATED, {}, None

    def do_MOVE(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage MOVE request."""
        to_url = urlparse(environ["HTTP_DESTINATION"])
        if to_url.netloc != environ["HTTP_HOST"]:
            # Remote destination server, not supported
            return client.BAD_GATEWAY, {}, None
        to_path = storage.sanitize_path(to_url.path)
        if (not self._access(user, path, "w") or
                not self._access(user, to_path, "w")):
            return NOT_ALLOWED
        with self._lock_collection("w", user):
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            if (not self._access(user, path, "w", item) or
                    not self._access(user, to_path, "w", item)):
                return NOT_ALLOWED
            if not item:
                return client.GONE, {}, None
            to_item = next(self.Collection.discover(to_path, depth="0"), None)
            to_parent_path = storage.sanitize_path(
                "/%s/" % posixpath.dirname(to_path.strip("/")))
            to_href = posixpath.basename(to_path.strip("/"))
            to_collection = next(self.Collection.discover(
                to_parent_path, depth="0"), None)
            print(path, isinstance(item, self.Collection))
            if (isinstance(item, self.Collection) or not to_collection or
                    to_item or to_path.strip("/").startswith(path.strip("/"))):
                return client.CONFLICT, {}, None
            to_collection.upload(to_href, item.item)
            item.collection.delete(item.href)
            return client.CREATED, {}, None

    def do_OPTIONS(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage OPTIONS request."""
        headers = {
            "Allow": ("DELETE, HEAD, GET, MKCALENDAR, MKCOL, MOVE, "
                      "OPTIONS, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, PUT, REPORT"),
            "DAV": "1, 2, 3, calendar-access, addressbook, extended-mkcol"}
        return client.OK, headers, None

    def do_PROPFIND(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage PROPFIND request."""
        with self._lock_collection("r", user):
            items = self.Collection.discover(path,
                                             environ.get("HTTP_DEPTH", "0"))
            read_items, write_items = self.collect_allowed_items(items, user)
            if not read_items and not write_items:
                return (client.NOT_FOUND, {}, None) if user else NOT_ALLOWED
            headers = {
                "DAV": "1, 2, 3, calendar-access, addressbook, extended-mkcol",
                "Content-Type": "text/xml"}
            answer = xmlutils.propfind(
                path, content, read_items, write_items, user)
            return client.MULTI_STATUS, headers, answer

    def do_PROPPATCH(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage PROPPATCH request."""
        if not self.authorized(user, path, "w"):
            return NOT_ALLOWED
        with self._lock_collection("w", user):
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            if not isinstance(item, self.Collection):
                return client.CONFLICT, {}, None
            answer = xmlutils.proppatch(path, content, item)
            headers = {
                "DAV": "1, 2, 3, calendar-access, addressbook, extended-mkcol",
                "Content-Type": "text/xml"}
            return client.MULTI_STATUS, headers, answer

    def do_PUT(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage PUT request."""
        if not self._access(user, path, "w"):
            return NOT_ALLOWED

        with self._lock_collection("w", user):
            parent_path = storage.sanitize_path(
                "/%s/" % posixpath.dirname(path.strip("/")))
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            parent_item = next(self.Collection.discover(
                parent_path, depth="0"), None)
            write_whole_collection = (
                isinstance(item, self.Collection) or
                not parent_item or
                not next(parent_item.list(), None) and
                parent_item.get_meta("tag") not in (
                    "VADDRESSBOOK", "VCALENDAR"))
            if (write_whole_collection and
                    not self.authorized(user, path, "w") or
                    not write_whole_collection and
                    not self.authorized(user, parent_path, "w")):
                return NOT_ALLOWED
            etag = environ.get("HTTP_IF_MATCH", "")
            match = environ.get("HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH", "") == "*"

            if ((not item and etag) or (item and etag and item.etag != etag) or
                    (item and match)):
                return client.PRECONDITION_FAILED, {}, None

            items = list(vobject.readComponents(content or ""))
            content_type = environ.get("CONTENT_TYPE")
            tag = None
            if content_type:
                tags = {value: key for key, value in storage.MIMETYPES.items()}
                tag = tags.get(content_type.split(";")[0])
            if write_whole_collection:
                if item:
                    # Delete old collection
                    item.delete()
                new_item = self.Collection.create_collection(path, items, tag)
            else:
                if tag:
                    parent_item.set_meta({"tag": tag})
                href = posixpath.basename(path.strip("/"))
                if item:
                    new_item = parent_item.update(href, items[0])
                else:
                    new_item = parent_item.upload(href, items[0])
            headers = {"ETag": new_item.etag}
            return client.CREATED, headers, None

    def do_REPORT(self, environ, path, content, user):
        """Manage REPORT request."""
        if not self._access(user, path, "w"):
            return NOT_ALLOWED
        with self._lock_collection("r", user):
            item = next(self.Collection.discover(path, depth="0"), None)
            if not self._access(user, path, "w", item):
                return NOT_ALLOWED
            if not item:
                return client.NOT_FOUND, {}, None
            if isinstance(item, self.Collection):
                collection = item
            else:
                collection = item.collection
            headers = {"Content-Type": "text/xml"}
            answer = xmlutils.report(path, content, collection)
            return client.MULTI_STATUS, headers, answer